Gynaecological Examination and Well-Woman Check Annual review, smear and HPV screening, ultrasound and general assessment of women’s health. Smear and HPV Screening Screening tests that detect cervical cancer long before symptoms appear, and HPV vaccination. Abnormal Smear Result Assessment and follow-up when a smear test shows suspicious cell changes. Colposcopy Detailed examination of the cervix under magnification, with biopsy where required. Cryotherapy Treatment of benign or early-grade changes of the cervix by freezing. Hysteroscopy Direct camera inspection of the uterine cavity, with treatment possible in the same session. Laparoscopic Surgery Keyhole gynaecological surgery performed through incisions a few millimetres wide. Fibroids — Diagnosis and Treatment Benign muscular growths of the uterus: observation, medical treatment and surgery when needed. Endometriosis Tissue like the lining of the womb growing outside it — a common cause of pain and infertility. Ovarian Cysts Ultrasound assessment and follow-up of ovarian cysts, with laparoscopic removal where required. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) Diagnosis and treatment of the hormonal picture behind irregular periods, excess hair growth and difficulty conceiving. Heavy Periods Investigation and treatment of heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding. Menopause Assessment of menopausal symptoms, protection of bone and cardiovascular health, treatment options. Postmenopausal Bleeding Prompt investigation of any bleeding occurring after the menopause. Pelvic and Vaginal Pain Identifying the cause of persistent or intercourse-related pain in the pelvis, lower abdomen and vagina. Pelvic Infections Diagnosis and treatment of infections affecting the uterus, tubes and ovaries, and prevention of lasting damage. Sexually Transmitted Infections Screening for, and treatment of, sexually transmitted infections, and how to protect yourself. Contraception Choosing together the method that suits your age, health and plans for pregnancy. Coil (IUD) Insertion Insertion, checking and removal of the intrauterine device. Infertility Assessment Assessing the couple together when pregnancy does not occur, and choosing the right pathway. Recurrent Miscarriage Investigating the cause of repeated miscarriage and planning the next pregnancy. Urogynaecology — Incontinence and Prolapse Assessment, exercise therapy and surgery for urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse. Uterine Evacuation Emptying the cavity of the womb after miscarriage or where medically required. Cosmetic Gynaecology Assessment of functional and appearance-related concerns following childbirth and with age. Vaginal Tightening Surgery Surgical repair of vaginal tissue that has become lax after childbirth or with age. Genital Lightening Investigating the cause of darkened skin in the genital area and planning appropriate treatment. IVF Treatment Assessment before IVF, setting the treatment plan, and monitoring throughout the process. Preimplantation Genetic Testing (PGT) Genetic examination of embryos before they are placed into the uterus. Low Ovarian Reserve Measuring ovarian reserve and bringing forward the pregnancy plan where it is reduced. In Vitro Maturation (IVM) A low-medication approach in which immature eggs are matured in the laboratory. Micro-TESE Microsurgical retrieval of sperm from the testis in men with no sperm in the ejaculate. Embryo Freezing Storing embryos created during IVF for use at a later date. Causes of IVF Failure Assessment and change of plan after unsuccessful IVF attempts. Pre-Conception Assessment Preparation, screening and risk assessment for women planning a pregnancy. Antenatal Consultation Answering questions about diet, medication, work and daily life throughout pregnancy. Antenatal Care Regular examinations, ultrasound scans and screening tests from early pregnancy through to birth. High-Risk Pregnancy Closer, more detailed follow-up where the mother or the baby needs additional monitoring. Multiple Pregnancy More frequent and more detailed monitoring for twin and higher-order pregnancies. Childbirth Planning the mode of birth together, labour itself, and the period after birth.