Gynaecology › Contraception
Contraception
There is no single "best" method of contraception; there is the one that suits you. The choice is made together, taking account of your age, medical history, whether you want a pregnancy in future and how you live day to day.
The methods
- Combined and progestogen-only pills
- Intrauterine device (copper or hormone-releasing)
- Implant in the upper arm
- Monthly or three-monthly injection
- Vaginal ring and skin patch
- Condoms — the only method that also protects against infection
- Permanent methods (tubal ligation)
What guides the choice
- Whether you are considering pregnancy in the near future
- Smoking and age
- History of hypertension, migraine, clotting disorders or breast disease
- Whether your periods are heavy or painful
- Breastfeeding
- Whether taking medication daily fits your routine
Frequently asked questions
The pill does not cause infertility; fertility usually returns soon after stopping it. An intrauterine device can also be used by women who have not had children.
Some hormonal methods reduce menstrual bleeding or stop it altogether. This is not medically harmful and may be an advantage for women with heavy periods.
Emergency contraception
Emergency contraception is available after unprotected intercourse and is more effective the sooner it is used. It is not a substitute for a regular method; if the situation has arisen, assessment for an ongoing method is advisable.
Follow-up
The method started is reviewed at intervals. Where there are side effects, a change in bleeding pattern or simple dissatisfaction, the method can be changed — there is no need to persist with one that does not suit you.
